In the 12th year of the reign of Duke Ding of Lu, Confucius was appointed as Si kou (a minister of justice), and acting prime minister of Lu state. On the seventh day of his reign, he killed Shaozheng Mao, a Da fu who kept disturbing the government. Zigong asked Confucius why he killed Shaozheng Mao. Confucius said, "There are five kinds of human sins: first, knowledgeable but malicious; second, eccentric but impenitent; third, always talking improperly but good at sophistry and incitement; fourth, use one's extensive knowledge to preach evil ideas; fifth, appreciate and embellish wrong views. Whoever commits one of these five sins should be killed. Shaozheng Mao must be killed because he committed all these five sins at the same time."